| Authors : | Shishir Sankhyayan1, Joydeep Bagchi2, Elmo Tempel1,3, Surhud More4,5, Maret Einasto1, Pratik Dabhade6,7, Somak Raychaudhury8,4, Ramana Athreya9, Pekka Heinämäki10 |
| Authors Affiliation: | 1 Shishir Sankhyayan, Elmo Tempel, Maret Einasto Affiliation (Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi~1, 61602 T\~oravere, Estonia)
2 Joydeep Bagchi Affiliation (Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru-560029, India)
3 Elmo Tempel Affiliation (Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia)
4 Surhud More, Somak Raychaudhury Affiliation (The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), S.P. Pune University Campus, Post Bag 4, Pune 411007, India)
5 Surhud More Affiliation (Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwashi, Chiba 277-8583, Japan)
6 Pratik Dabhade Affiliation (Instituto de Astrof\' isica de Canarias, Calle V\' ia L\'actea, s/n, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain)
7 Pratik Dabhade Affiliation (Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Departamento de Astrofisica,
E-38206, Tenerife, Spain)
8 Somak Raychaudhury Affiliation (Department of Physics, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India)
9 Ramana Athreya Affiliation (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India)
10 Pekka Heinämäki Affiliation (Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland) |
| Abstract : | Superclusters are the largest massive structures in the cosmic web on tens to hundreds of megaparsecs (Mpc) scales. They are the largest assembly of galaxy clusters in the Universe. Apart from a few detailed studies of such structures, their evolutionary mechanism is still an open question. In order to address and answer the relevant questions, a statistically significant, large catalog of superclusters covering a wide range of redshifts and sky areas is essential. Here, we present a large catalog of 662 superclusters identified using a modified {\it Friends of Friends} algorithm applied on the WHL (Wen-Han-Liu) cluster catalog within a redshift range of $0.05 \le z \le 0.42$. We name the most massive supercluster at $z \sim 0.25$ as \textit{Einasto Supercluster}. We find that the median mass of superclusters is $\sim 5.8 \times 10^{15}$ M$_{\odot}$ and median size $\sim 65$ Mpc. We find that the supercluster environment slightly affects the growth of clusters. We compare the properties of the observed superclusters with the mock superclusters extracted from the Horizon Run 4 cosmological simulation. The properties of superclusters in mocks and observations are in broad agreement. We find that the density contrast of a supercluster is correlated with its maximum extent with a power law index, $\alpha \sim -2$. The phase-space distribution of mock superclusters shows that, on average, $\sim 90\%$ part of a supercluster has a gravitational influence on its constituents. We also show mock halos' average number density and peculiar velocity profiles in and around the superclusters. |
