| Author(s) and Co-Author(s) with Affiliation: DHIRAJ KUMAR DEKA(GAUHATI UNIVERSITY, GUWAHATI-781314, INDIA), Ribanda Marbaniang(GAUHATI UNIVERSITY, GUWAHATI-781314, INDIA), Dhritimaan Gogoi(GAUHATI UNIVERSITY, GUWAHATI-781314, INDIA), Eeshankur Saikia(GAUHATI UNIVERSITY, GUWAHATI-781314, INDIA) |
| Abstract: A protoplanetary disk is an ensemble of gas and dust that rotates around a young star. They are the primary sites for planet formation and hence the focus of intense research. The complex physical and chemical processes occurring in protoplanetary discs pose a significant challenge to comprehension, and hence, researchers rely on numerical simulations to understand disk evolution and observed structures and substructures. Grid-based codes (like FARGO3D) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics codes (like PHANTOM) are two types of tools used to study protoplanetary disks numerically through simulation. While these tools are expected to produce consistent physical results, recent studies have identified discrepancies in gap width for single-planet systems. This work expands on previous FARGO3D research, which demonstrated that two-planet systems carve wider gaps than single planets—by simulating a dual-planet configuration in a customised PHANTOM environment. Our comparative analysis reveals significant differences in the gap widths produced by the two numerical methods, leading to notable variations in calculated Keplerian velocities. This anomaly is largely attributed to the absence of particle boundary conditions inherent in SPH frameworks. These findings emphasise the necessity of further cross-code verification to ensure that simulated disk structures accurately reflect physical reality across different computational platforms.
Keywords:
Protoplanetary disks, Planet-disk interactions, Hydrodynamics, Methods: numerical
References:
Bae, J., Flock, M., Izquierdo, A., Kanagawa, K., Ono, T., Pinte, C., ... & Yoshida, T. C. (2025). exoALMA. VII. Benchmarking Hydrodynamics and Radiative Transfer Codes. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 984(1), L12.
Gogoi, D., Marbaniang, R., Deka, D. K., Borah, S. M., & Saikia, E. (2025). Can the Central Star Influence the Substructure Formation in a Proto-Planetary Disk?. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Marbaniang, R., Gogoi, D., & Saikia, E. (2025). What makes the Planetary Gap in a Proto-Planetary Disk wide?. PHYSICS FRONTIERS, 41.
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